He aha ka paʻakikī o ka titanium alloy?

ʻO ka nui o nā alloys titanium ma kahi o 4.5g / cm3, ʻo ia wale nō 60% o ke kila. ʻO ka ikaika o ka titanium maʻemaʻe kokoke i ka ikaika o ke kila maʻamau. ʻO kekahi kiʻekiʻe-ikaika titanium alloys ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ikaika o ka nui o nā mea hao hao. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika kūikawā (ikaika/density) o ka titanium alloy ma mua o nā mea hana metala ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka papa. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana me ka ikaika ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe, ka rigidity maikaʻi, a me ka māmā. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā alloys titanium i nā ʻāpana ʻenekini mokulele, nā papa, nā ʻili, nā mea hoʻopaʻa, a me nā mea hoʻokele.

He aha ka pae paʻakikī o ka titanium?

ʻO ka alloy Titanium kahi huila e pili ana i ka titanium me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻElua ʻano o nā kristal isomorphic o ka titanium: ma lalo o 882 ° C, ʻo ia ka α-titanium me kahi ʻano hexagonal kokoke, a ma luna o 882 ° C, ʻo ia ka β-titanium me kahi ʻano cubic i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kino.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e like me kā lākou hopena i ka mahana hoʻololi o ka pae:

① ʻO nā mea e hoʻopaʻa i ka pae α a hoʻonui i ka mahana hoʻololi o ka pae he mau mea hoʻokūpaʻa α, me ka aluminika, carbon, oxygen, a me ka nitrogen. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka alumini ka mea hoʻohui nui o ka titanium alloy. Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena maopopo i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika maʻamau a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ka alloy, e hōʻemi ana i ka gravity kikoʻī, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka modulus elastic.

② ʻO nā mea e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka pae β a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana hoʻololi o ka pae he mau mea β-stabilizing, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻano: isomorphous a me eutectoid. ʻO ka mea mua he molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, etc.; ʻo ka mea hope e pili ana i ka chromium, manganese, keleawe, hao, silika, etc.

③ ʻO nā mea i liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka mahana hoʻololi ʻana he mau mea kūʻokoʻa, me ka zirconium, tin, etc.

ʻO ka oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, a me ka hydrogen nā mea haumia nui i nā alloys titanium. ʻO ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen ka nui o ka solubility i ka māhele α a loaʻa i ka hopena hoʻoikaika nui i nā alloys titanium, akā hoʻemi lākou i ka plasticity. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen i loko o ka titanium aia ma lalo o 0.15 ~ 0.2% a me 0.04 ~ 0.05%. He liʻiliʻi loa ka solubility o ka hydrogen ma ka māhele α. ʻO ka nui o ka hydrogen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā alloys titanium e hana i nā hydride, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alloy. ʻO ka maʻamau, mālama ʻia ka ʻike hydrogen i nā alloys titanium ma lalo o 0.015%. Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hydrogen i ka titanium a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka annealing vacuum.

He alotrope ka Titanium me ka helu hehee o 1720°C. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻolālā hexagonal lattice kokoke loa ma lalo o 882 ° C, i kapa ʻia ʻo alpha titanium; Loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻolālā cubic maikaʻi i ke kino ma luna o 882 ° C, i kapa ʻia ʻo beta titanium. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o nā hale ʻelua o ka titanium, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui kūpono, ke hoʻololi mālie ʻia ka mahana hoʻololi o ka pae a me ka ʻike o ka pae e kiʻi i nā alloys titanium o nā hale like ʻole. Ma ka lumi wela, loaʻa i nā huila titanium ʻekolu mau ʻano matrix, a ua māhele ʻia nā huila titanium i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: α alloy, (α+β) alloy, a me β alloy. I koʻu ʻāina, hōʻike ʻia lākou e TA, TC, a me TB.

ʻO Titanium kekahi ʻano metala hou. ʻO ka hana o ka titanium e pili ana i ka ʻike o nā mea haumia e like me carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, a me ka oxygen. ʻO ka titanium iodide maʻemaʻe he mea haumia ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.1%, akā haʻahaʻa kona ikaika a kiʻekiʻe kona plasticity. ʻO nā hana o ka 99.5% ʻoihana titanium maʻemaʻe he density ρ=4.5g/cm3, wahi hoʻoheheʻe 1725 ℃, conductivity thermal λ=15.24W/(m. K), ikaika tensile σb=539MPa, elongation δ=25%, a me ka cross- ʻāpana pōkole Ka helu ψ = 25%, modulus elastic E = 1.078×105MPa, paʻakikī HB195.

hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: ʻO ka paʻakikī o nā alloys titanium loaʻa i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kikoʻī, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi, a me nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa; ʻO ka titanium a me ka titanium alloys he non-magnetic a ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi māla ikaika; loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻāpana titanium kekahi mau waiwai kūikawā. ʻO nā waiwai, e like me Ti2Ni alloy he mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi, a ʻo Nb2Ti alloy kahi mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa superconducting maikaʻi.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā alloys Titanium i ka ʻoihana aerospace, petroleum, kemika, metallurgy, biomedicine, nā mea haʻuki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ua lilo i kēia manawa i mea waiwai nui no nā kaʻina hana hou, nā ʻenehana hou, a me nā mea hana hou.