Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke kaʻina hana wela o nā koʻokoʻo titanium a me nā koʻokoʻo titanium alloy

Paʻa loa ka Titanium i ka lewa ma ka lumi wela, i ka wā i wela ai i 400 ~ 550 ℃, hana ia i kahi papa o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻa ma luna o ka ʻili, e pale aku i ka oxidation o ka hopena pale. Titanium ʻO ka absorption o ka oxygen, nitrogen, a me ka hydrogen he ikaika loa, ʻo kēia ʻano kinoea he mea pōʻino loa i nā haumia titanium metala, ʻoiai inā he liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻike (0.01% ~ 0.005%) hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i kona mau waiwai mechanical.

I loko o nā pūhui titanium, ʻo ka titanium dioxide (TiO2) ka waiwai kūpono loa. ʻAʻole inert ka ti02 i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, a loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano o nā waiwai optical maikaʻi loa. ti02 opaque, gloss and whiteness, refractive index and scattering power, mana huna ikaika, dispersion maikaʻi, i hana ʻia me nā puaʻa no ka pauka keʻokeʻo, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo titanium dioxide. ʻO ke ʻano o nā koʻokoʻo titanium a ua like loa ke kila me ka density o 4.51 g / cm 3, emi iho ma mua o 60% o ke kila, nā metala refractory i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea metala. ʻO nā waiwai mechanical o ka titanium i ʻike maʻamau ʻia he ʻano mechanical a me ka maʻemaʻe e pili pono. ʻO ka titanium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe he machinability maikaʻi loa, elongation, a me ka pauku shrinkage maikaʻi, akā haʻahaʻa ka ikaika, ʻaʻole kūpono no nā mea hana. Loaʻa i ka titanium maʻemaʻe ʻoihana ka nui o nā haumia, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka plasticity, kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana.

Loaʻa ka ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika waena, a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, no ka 200 (ikaika haʻahaʻa) ~ 1300 (ikaika kiʻekiʻe) MPa, akā hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mau alloys ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā alumini alumini, i manaʻo ʻia he ikaika waena a hiki ke hoʻololi piha i kekahi mau ʻano kila ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā alumini alumini, e nalowale wikiwiki ana ka ikaika ma nā mahana ma luna o 150 ° C, ʻo kekahi mau alloys titanium e mālama i ka ikaika maikaʻi ma 600 ° C.

ʻO ka titanium metala nui ma muli o kona māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā alumini alumini, hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka alumini no kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻoihana mokulele e hoʻopili nui i ka. I ka nānā ʻana i ka nui o ka titanium no 57% o ke kila, ʻo kona ikaika kikoʻī (ikaika / kaumaha ratio a i ʻole ka ikaika / density ratio i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ikaika kikoʻī) he kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka corrosion, oxidation, a me ke kūpaʻa luhi, nā alloys titanium, 3/4. hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe aerospace ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o nā mea hana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo 1/4 e like me nā ʻāpana corrosion-resistant. ʻO ka Titanium alloy he ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi, paʻakikī, a maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Kahi mea hou aʻe, hana kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe titanium ʻilihune, a me ka ʻokiʻoki a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia, i ka hoʻoili wela, maʻalahi loa e komo i nā mea haumia e like me ka hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, a me carbon. Aia nō hoʻi ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka abrasion, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana ʻoihana o ka titanium ma 1948. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā pono o ka ʻoihana mokulele i mea e ulu ai ka ʻoihana titanium i ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma kahi o 8% hoʻomohala. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻea ka honua i ka makahiki o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe titanium alloy ma mua o 40,000 tons o ka titanium alloy grade o kahi kokoke i 30 mau ʻano. ʻO ka mea nui o ka titanium alloy ʻo Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7), a me ka titanium maʻemaʻe ʻoihana (TA1, TA2, a me TA3).

Aia he 3 ʻano kaʻina hana wela no nā koʻokoʻo titanium a me nā koʻokoʻo titanium alloy penei:

1. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau paʻa a me ka ʻelemakule: ʻo ke kumu ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kona ikaika, α titanium alloy, a me ka paʻa β titanium alloy ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia ma o ka mālama wela, i ka hana ʻana o ka annealing wale nō. α + β titanium alloy a loaʻa kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka māhele α o ka sub-stable β titanium alloy hiki ke lilo i ka hoʻoponopono hopena paʻa a me ka ʻelemakule e hoʻoikaika hou ai i ka alloy.

2. Hoʻopau hoʻomaha hoʻomaha: ʻo ke kumu e hoʻopau a hōʻemi paha i ke koena koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia i ka wā e hana ai. Kāohi i ka hoʻouka kemika a hoʻemi i ka deformation ma kekahi mau wahi corrosive.

3. Complete annealing: ʻo ke kumu ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka machinability, e hoʻoikaika i ka hana hou ʻana pū kekahi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka nui a me ka hui.