Hoʻokomo a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā gaskets

ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala

1. Ke kila kila
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 538 ℃, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e oxidize ai ka mea waena. ʻAʻole kūpono nā papa kila kalapona lahilahi kiʻekiʻe i nā mea hana i hana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻakika inorganic, kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā ​​hopena paʻakai acidic. Inā hoʻokau ʻia ke kila kalapona i ke koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ulia pōpilikia o nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana hana wai wela. Nā pahu kila kalapona hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā ʻakika kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻina alkaline he nui. ʻO ka paʻakikī o Brinell ma kahi o 120.
2. 304 kila kuhiliʻole
18-8 (chromium 18-20%, nickel 8-10%), ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana ma mua o 760 ℃. Ma ka mahana wela o -196 ~ 538 ℃, pilikia ka corrosion a me ka corrosion intergranular. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell 160.
3. 304L kila kila
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 0.03%. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana ma mua o 760 ℃. ʻO ke kūpaʻa corrosion e like me ka 304 stainless steel. Hoʻemi ka haʻahaʻa kalapona i ka ua o ke kalapona mai ka lattice, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa corrosion intergranular ma mua o ka 304 stainless steel. ʻO ka paʻakikī o Brinell ma kahi o 140.
4.316'ōpana kila
18-12 (chromium 18%, nickel 12%), hoʻohui e pili ana i 2% molybdenum i 304 stainless steel, ke piʻi ka mahana, hoʻonui kona ikaika a me ka corrosion. Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ke kūpaʻa kolo ma mua o nā kila kulika maʻamau. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana ma mua o 760 ℃. ʻO ka paʻakikī o Brinell ma kahi o 160.
5.316L kila kila
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana hoʻomau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 760 ℃ ~ 815 ℃. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 316 stainless steel, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koʻikoʻi a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion intergranular. ʻO ka paʻakikī o Brinell ma kahi o 140.
6.20 huila
45% hao, 24% nickel, 20% chromium, a me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka molybdenum a me ke keleawe. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana ma mua o 760 ℃ ~ 815 ℃. He kūpono loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana kū i ka sulfuric acid corrosion, me ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 160.
7. ʻO Aluminium
Aluminum (ma lalo o 99%). ʻO ka alumini ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai a kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu paʻi pālua. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 35. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana hoʻomau ma mua o 426 ℃.
8. Keleawe
ʻO ka hui ʻana o ke keleawe ua kokoke i ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, a aia kahi ʻāpana kālā e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana hana mau. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana hoʻomau ma mua o 260 ℃. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 80.
9. Keleawe
(66% keleawe, 34% zinc), maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion ma lalo o ka hapa nui o nā kūlana hana, akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka acetic acid, ammonia, paʻakai, a me ka acetylene. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana hoʻomau ma mua o 260 ℃. ʻO ka paʻakikī o Brinell ma kahi o 58.
10. Hastelloy B-2
(26-30% molybdenum, 62% nickel, a me 4-6% hao). ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana ma mua o 1093 ℃. Loaʻa iā ia ke kū'ē maikaʻi i ka waiʻona hydrochloric concentrated wela. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka ʻino kinoea hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hopena paʻakai. Loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 230.
11. Hastelloy C-276
16-18% molybdenum, 13-17.5% chromium, 3.7-5.3% tungsten, 4.5-7% hao, a me ke koena he nickel). ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1093°C. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā waika nitric anuanu a i ʻole ka paila nitric acid me ka manaʻo o 70%, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka waika hydrochloric a me ka sulfuric acid corrosion, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka corrosion stress. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 210.
12. Inconel 600
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nikela (77% nickel, 15% chromium, a me 7% hao). ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana ʻoi loa ma mua o 1093°C. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe-mehana a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā lako pono e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia corrosion stress. Ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, loaʻa iā ia ka hana hoʻoponopono maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 150.
13. Monel 400
(30% keleawe, nickel) ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana hana hoʻomau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 815 ℃. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa a me nā alkali koe wale nō nā waikawa oxidizing ikaika. He mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ka ʻawaʻawa fluoric, mercuric chloride, a me ka media mercury, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka media ma luna. Hoʻohana nui ia i nā mea hana no ka hana ʻana i ka waika hydrofluoric. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 120.
14. Titanium
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana ʻoi loa ma mua o 1093 ℃. Ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā ia ka pale corrosion maikaʻi loa. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa i ka chloride ion corrosion a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ia i ka nitric acid corrosion ma kahi ākea ākea a me ka pae hoʻopaʻa. ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Titanium i ka hapa nui o nā haʻina alkaline a kūpono ia no ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā kūlana hana. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ma kahi o 216.

ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala ʻole

1. ʻO ka lāʻau kūlohelohe NR
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka corrosion i nā ʻakika nāwaliwali a me nā alkalis, nā paʻakai a me nā chloride solutions, maikaʻi ʻole ka corrosion kū'ē i nā aila a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka media ozone. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he -57 ℃ ~ 93 ℃.

2. Neoprene CR
ʻO ka Neoprene kahi lāʻau synthetic kūpono no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i nā ʻakika liʻiliʻi corrosive, alkalis, a me nā hoʻonā paʻakai. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi i nā aila kalepa a me nā wahie. Eia nō naʻe, ʻilihune kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion i nā waikawa oxidizing ikaika, hydrocarbons aromatic, a me nā hydrocarbons chlorinated. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he -51 ℃ ~ 121 ℃.
3. Nitrile rubber NBR
ʻO ka pulupulu Nitrile kahi pahu synthetic kūpono no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi i nā aila, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā hydrocarbons aromatic, alkaline hydrocarbons, petroleum, a me ke kinoea maoli i kahi ākea ākea. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa ʻino maikaʻi i nā hydroxides, nā paʻakai, a me nā ʻakika ʻaneʻane. Eia nō naʻe, ʻilihune kona pale ʻana i ka corrosion i ka media oxidizing ikaika, hydrocarbons chlorinated, ketones, a me nā lipids. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he 51 ℃ ~ 121 ℃.
4. Fluororubber
Loaʻa iā ia ka pale corrosion maikaʻi i nā aila, nā wahie, nā chloride solutions, aromatic and lipid hydrocarbons, a me nā waikawa ikaika, akā ʻaʻole kūpono i nā amines, lipids, ketones, a me ka mahu. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he -40 ℃ ~ 232 ℃.
5. Chlorosulfonylated polyethylene synthetic rubber He maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion i ka waika, alkali, a me ka paʻakai paʻakai, ʻaʻole pili i ke aniau, māmā, ozone, nā wahie kalepa (e like me ka diesel a me ke kerosene, etc.). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā hydrocarbons aromatic, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromic acid, a me nitric acid. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he -45 ℃ ~ 135 ℃.
6. Pāpaʻa silikoni
He maikaʻi ka corrosion kū'ē i ka ea wela. ʻAʻole pili ʻia ka lāʻau silicone e ka lā a me ka ozone. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka mahu, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, a me lipid hydrocarbons.
7. EPDM lāʻau
Loaʻa iā ia ka pale corrosion maikaʻi i nā waikawa ikaika, nā alkali ikaika, nā paʻakai, a me nā hopena chloride. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā aila, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā hydrocarbons aromatic, a me nā hydrocarbons. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he -57 ℃ ~ 176.
8. Kipi
ʻO kēia mea he mea graphite piha me ka resin a mea ʻole paha, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea graphite me nā mea metala ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mea a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia hana i na paipu paipu me ke anawaena oi aku mamua o 600MM. He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka corrosion i ka nui o nā waikawa, nā alkalis, nā paʻakai, a me nā pūhui organik a me nā hopena hoʻololi wela, ʻoiai nā hopena wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe akā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wā ma mua o 3316 ℃. Ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka mea me ka akahele i ka media oxidizing ikaika. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana no nā gaskets, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hana e hana i nā mea hoʻopiha a me nā ʻili wiliwili non-metallic i loko o nā puʻupuʻu spiral-wound gaskets.
9. ʻO ka fiber Ceramic, ka fiber ceramic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana

He mea maikaʻi loa ka gasket kūpono no nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana haʻahaʻa a me nā kūlana flange māmā. ʻO ka mahana hana i manaʻo ʻia he 1093 ℃, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā lipine wili ʻole metala i loko o nā gaskets ʻeha.
10 Polytetrafluoroethylene Hoʻopili ia i nā pono o ka hapa nui o ka plastic nā mea ʻaʻahu, me ka pale wela mai -95 ℃ a 232 ℃. Ma waho aʻe o ka fluorine manuahi a me nā metala alkali, loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa i nā kemika, solvents, hydroxides, a me nā waikawa. Hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia nā mea PTFE me ke aniani, ʻo ke kumu o ia mea e hōʻemi i ke kahe anuanu a me nā waiwai kolo o PTFE.