Biomedical titanium alloy mea a me nā noi

Biomedical titanium alloy mea a me nā noi

ʻO ka biomedical titanium alloy material e pili pono ana i kahi ʻano o nā mea hana hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenekinia biomedical, kikoʻī no ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā implants surgical a me nā huahana orthopedic. ʻO ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe titanium alloy e pili ana i nā māla o ka metallurgy, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ke kaomi, nā mea hoʻohui, a me ka ʻoihana kemika, a he huahana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i ka honua. Ua komo mālie ka Titanium a me ka titanium alloys i ke kahua o ka ʻai kīwila mai nā kahua o ka aerospace, aviation, a me ka pale aupuni. Nā huahana e like me nā implants a me nā mea lapaʻau i ka ʻoihana olakino a me ke olakino; ʻO nā hui kolepa titanium i ka ʻoihana haʻuki a me ka leʻaleʻa, a me nā aniani aniani titanium, nā wati titanium, nā kaʻa kaʻa titanium, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe, ke piʻi mau nei ka koi no nā mea i hana ʻia. Me ka hoʻomohala ikaika a me nā holomua o ka biotechnology, e ulu ana nā mea metala biomedical a me nā ʻoihana huahana i ʻoihana kia o ka hoʻokele honua. I waena o lākou, ua ʻike ka titanium a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui i ka ulu wikiwiki a paʻa i ka noi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai piha maikaʻi e like me ka māmā, haʻahaʻa elastic modulus, non-toxic a non-magnetic, corrosion resistance, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi. I ka manawa like, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā alloys titanium e komo i ka ʻoihana plastik a me nā māla ʻē aʻe, e kū mai ana nā koi mākeke hou, a e ulu wikiwiki ana ka mākeke titanium alloy i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ka holomua o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui kino titanium

1.1 Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau titanium

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā alloys Titanium i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e like me ke ʻano o ka microstructure material: ʻano α, ʻano α + β, a me β type titanium alloy.

1.2 Ke au hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huila Titanium Lapaʻau

Ma hope o ka noiʻi palapala, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea noiʻi kūpono ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē a pau i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka ulu ʻana o lāʻau hoʻoheheʻe titanium ua hele ma nā ʻanuʻu ʻekolu. Hōʻike ʻia ka pae mua e ka titanium maʻemaʻe a me ka alloy Ti-6Al-4V; hōʻike ʻia ka pae ʻelua e Ti New α+β alloys i hōʻike ʻia e -5A1-2.5Fe a me Ti-6A1-7Nb; ʻO ke kolu o ka pae ka pae nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā alloys β-titanium me ka biocompatibility maikaʻi a me ka modulus elastic haʻahaʻa. Kūpono nā mea hoʻoheheʻe titanium biomedical Pono e hoʻokō i kēia mau kūlana: biocompatibility maikaʻi, modulus elastic haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā waiwai anti-corrosion maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe, ola luhi lōʻihi, a me ka plasticity nui i ka lumi wela. , maʻalahi e hana, maʻalahi e hoʻolei, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Aia nā moʻolelo i loko o ka puke e hiki ai i ka element V ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena kino kino a loaʻa paha nā hopena ʻona i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻoiai hiki iā Al ke hoʻoulu i ka osteoporosis a me nā maʻi noʻonoʻo. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, ua paʻa nā mea ʻepekema biomaterial i ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka V-free, nā mea hou biomedical titanium alloy Al, ma mua o ia mea pono e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohui i kūpono e hoʻohui i nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole a biocompatible. . Ua ʻike nā haʻawina he ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā mea β-titanium i loaʻa i nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole e like me ka molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, a me zirconium i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā mea β-stabilizing a loaʻa ka modulus elastic haʻahaʻa (E=6~ 1GPa) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohi ʻana a ʻo ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ke kino kanaka ma ke ʻano he implant.

Nā hoʻohana ʻana i nā alloys titanium

2.1 kumu lapaʻau o ka titanium alloys

ʻO nā pono nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka titanium a me ka titanium alloys e like me nā implants kanaka: (1) Density (20 ° C) = 4.5g / cm3 a me ka māmā. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka: hoʻemi i ka ukana ma ke kino kanaka; ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau: hoʻemi i ka ukana hana ma luna o nā limahana lapaʻau. (2) He haʻahaʻa ka modulus elastic, a ʻo ka titanium maʻemaʻe ʻo 108500MPa. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka: ʻoi aku ka kokoke i ka iwi maoli o ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono i ka grafting iwi a hoʻemi i ka hopena pale koʻikoʻi o ka iwi ma ka implant. (3) Non-magnetic, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā māla electromagnetic a me nā hekili, he mea pono i ka palekana o ke kanaka ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. (4) ʻAʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa a ʻaʻohe ona a i ʻole nā ​​hopena ʻaoʻao ma ke kino o ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he implant. (5) Ke kū'ē i ka corrosion (mea metala inert biologically). Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa i ke kaiapuni kaiapuni o ke koko kanaka a hōʻoia i ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻana me ke koko kanaka a me nā ʻiʻo cell. Ma ke ʻano he implant, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopōʻino i ke kanaka a ʻaʻole ia e pōʻino i ke kino o ke kanaka. E loaʻa mai nā hopena maʻi, kahi kūlana kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka titanium a me ka titanium alloys. (6) Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi. ʻO ka iwi a me ka pōʻino o ka hui ma muli o ka trauma, ka maʻi koko, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pā iwi paʻa, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā pā arc, nā ʻoki, nā iwi hana, nā hono, a pēlā aku. Pono e waiho ʻia kēia mau implants no ka manawa lōʻihi. e pili ana ke kino o ke kanaka i ke kulou, ka wili, ke kuʻi, ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe o ke kino kanaka, e koi ana i nā implants e loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī.

2.2 Nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kahua orthopedic o nā alloys titanium

Kūlana Kūʻai Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā alloys titanium, ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻano mea waiwai titanium, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai, ua pālua ka noi ʻana o ka titanium i ka ʻoihana kīwila. Hoʻokaʻawale ka CFDA i nā mea lapaʻau i ʻekolu pae e like me ko lākou palekana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa, a mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia lākou e nā pae ʻekolu o ke aupuni. ʻO nā mea kanu i hana ʻia me ka titanium a me ka titanium alloy mea no ke kolu o ka ʻāpana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a he mau mea waiwai nui. ʻO nā sub-sectors i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5% o ka mākeke e pili ana i ʻeono mau ʻāpana nui: in vitro diagnostics, cardiology, diagnostic imaging, orthopedics, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo nā diagnostics in vitro, orthopedics, a me ka cardiac intervention ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea waiwai nui ma Kina. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka titanium biomedical a me kāna mau mea i hoʻohui ʻia ua hele i loko o ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona: Hoʻohana mua I nā makahiki 1950, mua ma United Kingdom a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka titanium maʻemaʻe kūʻai no ka hana ʻana i nā pā iwi, nā ʻū, nā kui intramedullary, a me ka ʻūhā. ami. Hoʻohana pū ka hui Swiss ʻo Mathys i ka huila Ti-6A1-7Nb no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana nail intramedullary paʻa ʻole i hoʻonui ʻia (me ka tibia, humerus, a me ka femur) a me nā wīwī hollow no ka mālama ʻana i nā haki o ka iwi ʻāʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea bioactive alloy Porous Ni-Ti (PNT) no ka hana ʻana i nā cages fusion intervertebral cervical a me lumbar (Cage). Ua hoʻomohala ka hui ʻo BIORTHEX ʻo Kanada i kahi hale hoʻohui o ka cervical a me lumbar intervertebral fusion i hana ʻia me ka porous Ni-Ti alloy patented material ACTIPORE G no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻeha spinal orthopedic. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka beta titanium alloy hou ma ke ʻano he mea holomua no nā kumu he nui e like me ka orthopedics, dentistry, a me ka vascular intervention. ʻO ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau orthopedic he 9% o ka māhele mākeke o ka honua a ke ulu wikiwiki nei. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke o nā lāʻau lapaʻau orthopedic i ʻehā mau wahi: trauma, joints, spine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka trauma wale nō ka ʻāpana i loaʻa ʻole kahi māhele mākeke nui i noho ʻia e nā hui haole. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo nā huahana ma kēia kahua he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi ke hoʻohālike, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana. Hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā halemai ʻelua a me ke kolu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hui haole ke uhi piha iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana trauma i ka hoʻoponopono kūloko a me nā mea hoʻoponopono waho. ʻO nā huahana trauma fixation kūloko e pili ana i nā kui intramedullary, nā pā iwi, nā screws, etc. I ka makahiki 2012, ua helu ʻia ka trauma no 34% o ka mākeke orthopedic home, nā hui 28%, spine 20%, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 18%. ʻO nā hui nui nā mea lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe me nā pale ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui nā halemai nui i nā mea orthopedic i lawe ʻia mai. Aia nō ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā huahana kūloko a me nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai e pili ana i ka ʻenehana, ka hoʻolālā, ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, nā mea waiwai, nā kaʻina hana maʻamau, etc. Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā hui artificial i nā kuli artificial, hips, elbows, poʻohiwi, manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae, etc. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea hoʻololi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā hui pūhaka a me nā hui kuli, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 95% o ka mākeke pani pani honua. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana implant spinal nā ʻōnaehana nail plate thoracolumbar, cervical spine nail plate system, a me nā ʻōnaehana fusion cage, i waena o ka ʻōnaehana intervertebral cage e hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka intervertebral disc replacement treatment a ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa, e pili ana i ka mākeke implant spinal holoʻokoʻa. .

Panina

ʻO nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe o ka titanium alloys ua hāʻawi i kona kūlana alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana olakino. ʻO ka hoʻolālā waiwai a me ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā titanium alloys ua hoʻomohala wikiwiki me ka holomua o ka biotechnology a me ka noi nui no nā noi olakino. ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻoheheʻe titanium ʻO ka mea nui i hana ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka nui o nā alloys titanium ʻano α+β. Mai ka manaʻo o ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau, ʻo ka hana ʻana o TC4 (TC4ELI) i kēia manawa ke noho nei i ka māhele mākeke nui. Loaʻa i ka β-type titanium alloy kekahi mau mea maikaʻi i ka biocompatibility a me ka mechanical compatibility, no laila ua lilo ia i wahi wela no ka noiʻi ʻana no nā alloys titanium lāʻau lapaʻau hou a ʻo ia ka ʻenehana kūpono loa i ke kahua o nā implants lapaʻau. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻomohala ka ʻenehana hana o nā alloys titanium i ke kuhikuhi o ka modulus haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka biocompatibility maikaʻi, a me ka hoʻohālikelike mechanical. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano hoʻomohala, e lilo nā β-type titanium alloys i alakaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana a me ke kumu nui o ka mākeke titanium alloy.